June 5 of every year is designated as the World Environment Day (WED). This year the Society for Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Mitigation celebrated the day with a public lecture and launching of it's environmental club for primary schools. Please read the excerpts from the welcome address of the President, Society for Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Mitigation, Dr. Funmilayo Doherty on the WED event at the University of Lagos.
I am indeed very glad to welcome you all to
this year’s UNEP World Environment Day Celebration. The World
Environment Day (WED) is the United Nations’ most important day for encouraging
worldwide awareness and action for the protection of our environment. Over the
years it has grown to become a broad, global platform for public outreach and
the ‘people’s day’ for doing something positive for the environment. The
Society for Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Mitigation (SETPOM) has
deemed it fit to commemorate the day with a Public Lecture around the theme of
this year’s WED celebration – Illegal trade in wildlife under the slogan “Go
Wild for Life”.
Each year,
thousands of wild animals are illegally killed, often by organized criminal
networks motivated by profit and greed. According to
a statement by the United Nations, between 2010 and 2012, 100,000 elephants
were killed for their ivory in Africa. It further says that three rhinos are
killed every day, and the Western Black Rhino has already gone extinct, adding
that the great apes are already extinct in several African nations. Profits
from the illegal wildlife trade sometimes go into the pockets of international
criminal networks, threatening peace and security, and damaging the livelihoods
of local communities who depend on tourism. Now for the first time, the United
Nations has produced a global report on the problem. It says virtually every
country in the world plays a role either as a source, transit or destination
for the trade. The report says illegally acquired animals are being sold in
legal markets - and much of the time the buyer is unaware.
While Nigeria is a signatory to the Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES),it is a crime to deal in
ivory, reptile skin and teeth, skin of cats and antelopes, and also to “make
crafts from them’’. In 2013, CITES identified
19 countries—including Nigeria, that were heavily implicated in the illegal
trade in ivory. The new United Nations campaign,`Wild for Life’,
therefore aims to mobilise the world to end this destructive trade.
Huge
efforts to counter the illicit trade - including stronger policies, awareness
campaigns and investments in community conservation and law enforcement - have
scored some great successes. However, many species remain at risk and it will
take a dedicated and sustained effort by each and every one of us to turn the
tide.
How
can we do it? More people need to understand the damage this illicit business
is doing to our environment, livelihoods, communities and security. We must
change our habits and behaviour so that demand for illegal wildlife products
falls. More awareness and action pushes governments and international bodies to
introduce and enforce tougher laws and combat those still willing to break
them.
This year’s theme for WED – Go Wild for Life – encourages
you to celebrate all those species under threat and take action of your own to
help safeguard them for future generations. This can be about animals or plants
that are threatened within your local area as well as at the national or global
level - many local extinctions will eventually add up to a global extinction! Wildlife
is an inheritance, which should be cherished and preserved.
This
year is very special in the history of the society as we will be launching the
Environmental squad club for primary schools. Details of this initiative will
be unfolded during the launch of the e-squad. I want to thank the e-squad
committee and in particular Prof Adebayo Otitoloju for his dedicated effort in
making this dream a reality.
We
will be naming the first ever SETPOM environment ambassador in the person of Mr
Fasasi Olarewaju popularly known as Sound sultan. We need people to lend their
name and fame in the campaign towards protection of the environment and do what
they can to champion the environmental cause.
I hope that our new environment ambassador, will lend his support in
this regard.
Ladies and Gentlemen, I welcome you all to this
public lecture and launching ceremony and encourage us all to show zero-tolerance for
the illegal trade in wildlife in word and deed, and make a difference.
Yes
ReplyDeleteNo to the killing of #elephant for ivory,no to the killing of rhino for ivory and medicinal purpose.
SUCCESSFUL CONSERVATION PRACTICE
ReplyDeleteNigerian Conservation Foundation (NCF):
BirdLife Partner, Founded in 1980 with over 6000 members. NCF is responsible for the establishment of Lekki Conservation centre. The only urban Nature Reserve in Nigeria and the biggest in West Africa.
Yankari National Park is the country’s richest wildlife oasis. It contains the largest surviving elephant population in Nigeria, and one of the largest remaining in West Africa. Estimated at 350 individuals, this population of elephants is perhaps the only viable population remaining in Nigeria. Despite heavy poaching the populations of some species have thrived here especially ‘The African Bush Elephant’. There is plenty of other wildlife to see including a huge bird population, buffalo, hippopotamuses, Lions and baboons.
UNSUCCESSFUL CONSERVATION PRACTICE CAUSED BY ILLEGAL LOGGING:
The Cross River National Park: The park has one of the oldest rain-forests in Africa,and has been identified as a biodiversity hot spot. Sixteen primate species have been recorded in the park. Rare primates include common chimpanzees, drills and (in Okwangwo) Cross River Gorillas. Another primate, the grey-cheeked mangabey, seems to have recently become extinct in the area. Both divisions of the park are threatened by illegal logging, slash and burn farming and poaching. Eco-tourism may support efforts to preserve the park fauna. Assisting villagers in buffer zones to practice sustainable forestry also holds promise.
The Okomu National Park, formerly the Okomu Wildlife Sanctuary, is about 60 km north west of Benin city. The park holds a small fragment of the rich forest that once covered the region, and is the last habitat for many endangered species. It continues to shrink as villages encroach on it, and is now less than one third of its original size. Powerful corporations are involved in plantation development and logging concessions around the park, which also pose a threat.
SUCCESS IN CONSERVATION PRACTICE
ReplyDeleteGashaka-Gumti National Park (GGNP): is a national park in Nigeria, It was gazetted from two game reserves in 1991 and is Nigeria’s largest national park. It is located in the eastern provinces of Taraba and Adamawa to the border with Cameroon. The total area covers about 6,402 km², much of the northern GGNP is savannah grassland, while the southern GGNP sector of the park has a rugged terrain characterized by very mountainous, steep slopes as well as deep valleys and gorges, and is home to montane forests. Altitude ranges from ranging from about 457 metres (1,499 ft) in the northern flatter corner of the park, up to 2,419 metres (7,936 ft) at Chappal Waddi , Nigeria’s highest mountain in the park's southern sections. It is an important water catchment area for the Benue River . There is abundant river flow even during the markedly dry season. Enclaves for local Fulani pastoralists exist within the park boundary that allow for farming and grazing. The two reserve include: Fauna and Flora
FAUNA
The fauna of the national park is very diverse. 103 species of mammals have been recorded at censuses. Species include yellow-backed duiker, African golden cat, The African buffalo, the largest population in Nigeria of chimpanzee is found within the boundaries of the national park. Also Living in the national park are the African elephant, the klipspringer, the West African Wild Dog, the hartebeest the world's largest antelope, the Roan Antelope, the Kob Antelope, the Oribi, and the rare Adamawa mountain Reedbuck in larger stocks.
The avian fauna is very rich and diverse, there are stocks are up 1 million birds estimated. The park is officially labelled as one of Africa's "Important Bird Areas" - and with more than 500 species found, and visiting bird watching enthusiasts are constantly adding new species to the list. The red faced lovebird is only found here and in the Central African Republic's Bamingui-Bangoran National Park and Biosphere Reserve.
FLORA
In November 2002 an isolated population of the red sunbird bush , an ornate species of the acanthus
family, was discovered in the 8 km² Leinde Fadale forest in the uplands adjacent to the park. The species occurs here at 1,600 to 1,670, and some 1,200 km from the nearest populations in the Afromontane archipelago. It has been suggested that the park boundary should be extended to protect the forest.
FAILURE IN CONSERVATION PRACTICE
Nimbia Forest Reserve is witnessing degradation due to anthropogenic activities such as Farming, Illegal felling and fuel wood extraction just like many other forest reserves in Nigeria. On the other hand, the management has failed to provide enough manpower to guard against anthropogenic activities and the few ones available were not receiving better remuneration. Other problems faced by the forest are that trimming is done on time and cleared lands were not replanted. These and many other reasons leading to overexploitation, increase rate of deforestation, modification of the forest structure, reduced income to government and increased unemployment.
In the last 20 years, Nigeria’s forest reserves has continued to deplete, mainly due to human activities, with the country’s forest cover reducing to about six per cent, as against the 25 per cent global minimum recommended. However, forest depletion is a challenge not peculiar to Nigeria, though the rate at which Nigeria’s forest is diminishing is on the high side. This is because while the world lost 3.5 per cent of its forest between 1990 and 2015, Nigeria lost 21 per cent of its reserves.
wildlife is an environmental inheritance which must be cherish and conserve therefore enforce laws that ban illegal exterminate of the wildlife is important.
ReplyDelete2. BIRDS PRINCIPLE route must be for to save the endanger ones and their habitant.
3. establishment of more park and reserve more animal for future generation.
4.environmental education through television, radio ,newspaper, jingles ,margazine etc is important
BIRDS PRINCIPLE MEANS:
ReplyDeleteB = Balancing the ecosystem, without wildlife the environment or ecosystem is not balance therefore, zero tolerance to wildlife hunting and destroying of their environment through man activities.
2.I = INTERDEPENDENCE many bio-diversity bring employment opportunity for keeping them like in game reserve. Therefore stop killing them.
3.R = REGENERATION because we have over exploit our natural resources like wildlife e.g Elephant for their ivory, Reptile and Antelope for their skin. We have to repay back to our environment by replacing and regenerating them so that, our future generation will not be jeopardised.
D = Diversity. e.g Biodiversity like Elephant, Rhino and Apes etc which have been endangered and other species must be in abundant to beautify our environment carryout by man.e.g tree planting and wildlife conservation.
5.S = Successor or sustainability because there is no success without successor. therefore, we must make sure people engaging in illegal trading and hunting of this wildlife must be stopped for success in keeping this beautiful inheritance for future generation .
Make A List Of Conservation That Has Been Successful In Nigeria
ReplyDelete1. CENTRE FOR EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION OF PRIMATES AND NATURE
The rainforests of Cross River State in Nigeria are of global biological importance. They form part of the West African Guinean rainforest block, the oldest and most diverse of its kind on the entire continent and one of only 25 global biodiversity hotspots. Sadly, Nigeria’s forests are also the most threatened in the world. For more than a decade, Nigeria has experienced the highest rate of ‘old-growth’ deforestation recorded anywhere on the planet. In addition to loss of habitat, the 18 primate species in the region face the added threat of bush meat hunting which is no longer primarily for subsistence but rather for commercial trade. This type of hunting is highly unsustainable and is having a devastating impact, leaving the entire Nigerian primate community locally threatened, with some species globally critically endangered.
CERCOPAN (the Centre for Education, Research and Conservation of Primates and Nature) operates on the front line in Nigeria to preserve rainforests for both primates and people. CERCOPAN utilises a holistic approach,including education, community development, research, rehabilitation, conservation, and forest protectionto tackle the problems faced by Cross River State. This integrated strategy -- working collaboratively with local people to conserve the areas rainforest and primates—is the cornerstone of CERCOPAN’s success
Make a List of Conservation That Has Been Unsuccessful In Nigeria
LACK OF GOVERNMENT INTEREST IN THE CONVERSATION
1.Under the ordinance, forest reserves were established by the central government and subsequently handed over to local authorities for management. In the same year, the Wild Animals Preservation Act of 1916 also came into force to ensure the preservation of indigenous wildlife (Anadu 1987). Other relevant legislation during this period were the Forestry (Southern Provinces Native Authorities) Rules of 1943, the Forestry (Northern Provinces Native Authorities) Rules of 1951, the Forestry (Northern Region Native Authorities) Rules of 1955, the Eastern Region Forest Law of 1955, the Forestry Regulations Eastern Region of 1956, the Forestry Ordinance with Amendments, and the Northern Region of 1960 (Ebeku 2004). "
POO LAW ENFORCEMENT
2. "This made enforcement of the law poor resulting in local communities viewing the law as toothless and worth ignoring. The research findings therefore augments the well established position by previous research that wetland laws were not respected due to absence of monitoring (Rosolen et al. 2014) and weak enforcement (Dale et al. 2014; Morzaria-Luna et al. 2014; Zsuffa et al. 2014; Adekola et al. 2012) and the perceived reasons being lack of government capacity and resources (Clare et al. 2011). "
OKAFOR ANDERSON IFEANYI\
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteATERE OLAYINKA M.
ReplyDeleteENV. BIOLOGY HND1
F/HD/15/3720009.
CONSERVATION PRACTICES SUCCESSES AND FAILURES
Nigeria is in forefront in signing many international agreements and conventions crucial to its environmental protection and conservation. For example, Agenda 21 adopted at the United Nations conference on Environment and Development (Rio de Janeiro 1992), the Convention on Biodiversity Conservation (CBC), Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD) and so on.
Nigeria has about 31 games reserves, 5 sanctuaries and 7 National Parks. The game reserves and sanctuaries, owned and managed by the state Governments have specific objectives to protect endangered species, promote sustainable harvest, and promote conservation education and tourism.
However, what led to the SUCCESSFUL CONSERVATION PRACTICES include:
1. Having numerous species of plants and birds, ability to serve as home to over three-quarters of the primate species that can be found in Nigeria. E.g Cross river National park, Cross river.
2. The facilities are basic and off-road vehicles are necessary E.g Chad basin National park, Yobe.
3. Ability to serve as home to an archetypal Sudanian Savanna ecology and landscape E.g kamuku National park, Kad una.
4. Ability to serve as home to a large number of bushbuck antelope and buffalos, together with countless bird species e.g Old Oyo National park, Oyo.
5. Ability to serve as home to a rich variety of wildlife, such as baboons, hippos, hyenas and warthogs. E.g Kainji Lake National park, Wawa
6. Gashaka Gumti National park:- The southerly region comprises a particularly rugged and undulating terrain, being where you will find the Chappal Waddi - the tallest mountain in the whole of Nigeria, measuring in at around 2,419 metres / 7,936 feet in height.
7. Yankari Game Reserve:- Facilities here include Wikki Camp, a small museum and restaurant.
8. Jos National park:- Its woody hills and forest streams make it an ideal place to spot many different sorts of animals and birds, including pigmy hippos, lions and buffalos.
The above points helps to:;
A. Inrease Tourism
B. Build International Integration between different countries
C. Increase Government revenue.
WHAT LED TO VARIOUS CONSERVATION FAILURES INCLUDE;
i). Lack of a well balanced land use planning and haphazard land exploitation and development.
ii). A high rate of population growth, couple with competition for space among different groups of land users and types of use crop farming, livestock grazing, mining, ranching, fishing and protected area management.
iii). Over-hunting of game resources by subsistence and commercial hunters as well as by elite weekend-hunters and communal hunters. There are no more reliable records or data on number of hunters in Nigeria because (a) issuance and regulation of hunting licenses is no longer in practice in most states, (b) states no longer carry out wildlife management and control activities; (c) lack of enforcement of wildlife laws in general.
iv). Gross transformation of all the ecological zones from the mangrove swamps through the rainforest belt up to the sahel savannah through non-sustainable exploitation of resources, causing wildlife habitat loss.
v). Insufficient and poorly coordinated research effort on wildlife at species, habitat and ecosystem levels, which from the 1990s has totally ceased due to poor funding.
Changing our habits and behaviour is what we need so that demand for illegal wildlife products will falls!!!
Fisheries and marine conservation in nigeria are successful. In this field of marine conservation, it has helped to promote economics benefits and food security through sustainable fisheries. Forestry has helped in the fundamental of food security and veritable store houses from biological diversity and forest products. However examples of successful game reserve in Nigeria: Gashaka Gumti national park,Kainji national park and Yankari game reserve.
ReplyDeleteFailed conservation in Nigeria: Measures adopted for the protection of wildlife should be critically reviewed. The major problems include habitat degradation(through uncontrolled logging agricultural projects,industrial plantations,highway and urban development and exploitation for fuel wood), over-hunting and poaching. Examples of failed game reserve in nigeria are: Old OYO national park,Chad basin national park.
- Ayeni Kemi
Tourism poses as a huge success to conservation practices in Nigeria. Tourists from different countries visits and this enhances conservation.
ReplyDeleteForestry as conservation practice reduces poverty; more so there should be a sustainable forest management.
Creation of game reserves like yankari has contributed to the success of wildlife conservation in respect to history.
Inability to curtail erosion and the impact of environmental degradation is a severe factor in forest management.
Extinction of animals serves as a great threat and decadence to wild conservation.
Over-hunting is a preceeding factor of the failure of conservation in Nigeria.
Several measures taken to produce the desired effect have failed resulting to owing largely to public aparty, low level of funding,inadequate game laws and weak enforcement of existing legal provisions.
BOSU OLUWADAMILOLA ELIZABETH
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteNABULELE LOVETH ISOKEN
ReplyDeleteZero tolerance for the use of illegal wildlife trade is about how our environment natural endowment or natural resources and wildlife conservation are being preserved. It is all about getting the right ideas of wildlife conservation, that is, animals killing and their useful parts being used for illegal trade should be put to stop before they all go into extinct, so that we will have something left for the next generation.
SUCCESSFUL CONSERVATION IN NIGERIA
1. CENTRE FOR CONSERVATION OF PRIMATES AND NATURE
The rainforest of Cross River State in Nigeria are of global biological importance which form part of the West Africa Guinea rainforest block, the oldest and most diverse of its kind.
2. CENTRE FOR EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND TOURIST
Lekki Conservation Centre (LCC) is one of the Nigeria Conservation Foundation (NCF) located on the renowned Lekki Peninsula of Lagos and it covers a land area of 78 hectares. It is an initiative to protect wildlife found in Southern Coastal environment of Nigeria in the face sprawling urban development and to promote environmental protection and work against poaching as well as the tourist centre.
FAILD CONSERVATION IN NIGERIA
1. For more than decades, Nigeria has experience the highest rate old-growth deforestation recorded anywhere on the planet. In addition to loss of habitat, the 18 primate species in the region face the added threat of bush meat hunting which is no longer primarily for subsistence but rather use for commercial trade. This hunting is highly unsustainable and is having a devastating impact.
2. In Nigeria due to the consistent and over hunting of wildlife resources by commercial hunters and communal hunters. It has made livestock resources to go into extinct already and thereby allowing the Nigerian reserves to decline beyond human expectations and therefore lives are being threatened.
Environmental Biology
ReplyDeleteHND 1
Commented by: DURU MIRIAM C.
ReplyDeleteHND 1 ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
The Successful Conservation.
The Kamuku National Park is a Nigerian National Park in Kaduna State, Nigeria with a total area of about 1120km. The park has a typical sudanian savanna ecology.
The park is located in the west of Kaduna state and is adjacent to the Kwiambana game reserve to the northwest. It was established in 1936 as the native authority forest reserve of birnin Gwari under the northern Nigeria government. It was upgraded from a state game reserve to a National park in May 1999, mammals include elephant, ram,antelope, baboons etc due to the success of a community based project promoting sustainable resource usage, managed by savanna conservation Nigeria a natural NGO. The federal government has been seeking to partner with foreign investor to develop eco-tourism in this and other national parks. There are at least 177 species of birds (Sagittarius serpentarius) including migrants and resident.
Failed conservation
Human Activities
The area in and around the park is the home o the Gwari and Kamuku people, traditional farmers, hunters,pastoralists and craftsman, noted for weaving,mat making and pottery. The Gwari are said to have originated from Zungeru in Niger State and the Kamuku are said to have from the Sokoto and Kastina areas during the Fulani Jihad at the start of the 19th century. The park includes places considered sacred by these people such as hills, rock outcrops,marshes and streams, and streams and the ancient parnomo shrine. The present town of Birnin Gwari was founded in 1957 by Gwari people who had migrated from the earlier settlement about settlement 50km to the north, hunting and illegal cattle grazing by the pastoralist settlement on the edge of the park pose threat to the park environment. Forest has been cleared for logging, timber export, subsistence agriculture and notably the collection of wood for fuel which remains problematic in Nigeria
conservation method list that are successful in Nigeria. as follows:
ReplyDeleteWATER CONSERVATION.Example are
1. Seepage control
2.ground water recharge
3.Dam like Shiroro dams etc
Forest RESERVE. Example are
1Zamfara forest reserve Zamfara State.
2 Sakpobo forest reserve Edo State.
3. Shasha Forest Reserve in Ogun State.
SOIL CONSERVATION METHOD. Example are
1.Stubble Mulching
2.Mulching etc
ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS/AGRICULTURAL ESTABLISHMENT
Example:
1.University of Ibadan zoological garden
2.yankarii reserve
NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION METHOD
1.Coal in Enugu State.non renewable
2.Cocoa plantation in Ekiti pupa.renewable.
other Method of conservation that are success include establishment of Government Agency e.g 1.Federal Environmental Protection Agency. FEPA
2.Lagos State Environmental Protection Agency LASEPA etc
ENVIRONtc.MENTAL EDUCATION.Extension programs,Mass communition e
ReplyDeleteAFOLARIN KANYINSOLA.K
F/HD /3720088
HND1, ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
conservation in Nigeria, and reviews critically the measures adopted for the protection of wildlife. The major problems include habitat degradation (through uncontrolled logging, agricultural projects, industrial plantations, highway and urban development, and exploitation for fuelwood), over-hunting and poaching
Steps taken so far to protect wildlife include the creation of one national park and eighteen game reserves, enactment of wildlife laws, signing of international treaties, and manpower development. These measures have however failed to produce the desired effect owing largely to public apathy, low level of funding, inadequate game laws and weak enforcement of existing legal provisions.
It is suggested that the Federal Government should intervene more positively in favour of conservation by creating more national parks and assuming joint responsibility with the states for formulating wildlife laws. Furthermore, the role of non-governmental organizations in influencing conservation policies and mobilizing public opinion will be crucial in the difficult years ahead.
Osoko Temitope
ReplyDeleteHND 1 Environmental biology
Succecc:
The Nigeria park service(NPS) believe that the success of its conservative efforts in the national parks is closely linked.
They include the Game &Wildlife Sanctuaries, National parks, Strict Nature Reserves (SNR).
The most successful conservation projects are the ones that put conservation & development activities under the NGO's.e.g, Gashakagumti National Park
Failure:
Oil exploration activities have adversely affected the environment (especially in the Niger Delta region). Human activities such as bush burning, shift cultivation are destroying the ecosystem of the wetlands hence, the area is now gradually destroyed as habitat for migratory.
Major problems include habitat degradation, overhunting and poaching poorly managed by Federal government e.g owning largely to public apathy, low level of funding, inadequate game laws, weak enforcement of existing legal provisions, etc.
Example is the Cross River National Park.
Synergy between Nigeria National parks service and major media establishment is required.
ADEGUNLE CHRISTIANA
ReplyDeleteThe Nigerian national policy on Forestry, Wildlife and protected Areas, is aimed at the protection and sustainable management of the flora and fauna of the country. While Nigeria is rich in biodiversity, the reckless destruction of its forests and wild animals, which necessitated state intervention to protect the environment, still continues today. Indiscriminate destruction of the flora and fauna of the country continues in virtually every part of Nigeria. Today, many species of Nigerian plants and animals are either threatened or endangered and at the same time, soil degradation, erosion and desert encroachment continue in various parts of the country. Problems, such as inadequate data on the status of biodiversity, uncoordinated land use policy, absence of well-defined programmes, inadequate funding and high poverty levels in the country remain the major constraints against the success of the policy. Improving forestry and wildlife management in Nigeria must therefore begin with the development of a proper legal and political framework for conservation management. Other measures include providing basic education on conservation for the general population of Nigeria. There is also the need to address the issue of poverty by providing proper economic incentives to improve the well-being of people around protected areas. This should however, go on hand in hand with the provision of adequate funding and staffing of protected areas in the country.
Given the dangers of ignoring the threat to the ecosystem from acute depletion of plants and animals, efforts were made in the past to preserve the nation wildlife through the establishment of protected areas like the lekki conservation centre, yankari game reserve, okomu,omo forest reserve amongst others.
ReplyDeleteSuccessful Conservation
The Lekki Conservation Centre has been established over 20 years and is the Nigerian Conservation Foundation's foremost project site, spanning over 78 hectares on the renowned Lekki Peninsula in Lagos. The NCF is an organisation dedicated to sustainable development and nature conservation. The foundation aims to preserve Nigeria's species and ecosystems, promote sustainability using natural resources and advocates actions that minimise the impact on the environmental and prevent resource wastage.
The Lekki Conservation Centre is a product of the foundation's unrelenting commitment to conserving Nigeria's resources. The Centre has been protecting the wildlife and mangrove forests found on Nigeria's South-West coastline from the threat of urban development and works tirelessly to raise environmental awareness and promote responsibility.
The Centre serves as a facility for research and education, mostly catering for groups of Tourists and School Children. Alongside promoting eenvironmental protection, the centre works in the surrounding communities to prevent poaching and other injustice done to wildlife.
Unsuccessful Conversation
Apart from the lekki conservation centre which is successful amongst others like the yankari game reserve,lame burra game reserves in bauchi state. These reserves were good and serving their purpose. Unfortunately, poachers with sophisticated weapons have managed to enter these sanctuaries, killing even endangered animals like the African wild dog, cheetah, giraffe and antelopes.
Also, threatened the cross river gorillas, drill and a number of smaller Guenon's that are found only in Nigeria and Cameroon forest.
Nigeria has a number of animal and plant that are vulnerable and are listed as 'Vulnerable to Extinction' by the world conversation union (IUCN) in 2004. While Nigeria is a signatory to the covention on trade in vulnerable species (CITES), poachers operate almost freely within the nations protected game reserves in Yankari Bauchi State, Okomu Edo state, Gashaka-Gumti National park in Adamawa and Taruba states, Omo Forest reserve Ogun state.
Recently, at yankari games reserve, Wildlife poaching particularly of the elephant population worsened to the extent that the Nigeria conservation foundation warned that the reserve would soon be empty of animals as it is possible to find meat of elephant , roam, waterbuck and buffalo in the surrounding marker all from yankari.
NOSIRU ALIMAT OPEYEMI
HND1 ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
Fisheries and marine conservation in nigeria are successful. In this field of marine conservation, it has helped to promote economics benefits and food security through sustainable fisheries. Forestry has helped in the fundamental of food security and veritable store houses from biological diversity and forest products. However examples of successful game reserve in Nigeria: Gashaka Gumti national park,Kainji national park and Yankari game reserve.Failed conservation in Nigeria: Measures adopted for the protection of wildlife should be critically reviewed. The major problems include habitat degradation(through uncontrolled logging agricultural projects,industrial plantations,highway and urban development and exploitation for fuel wood), over-hunting and poaching. Examples of failed game reserve in nigeria are: Old OYO national park,Chad basin national park.
ReplyDeleteWildlife conservation practices in Nigeria has helped to conserve nature for the future generations to enjoy and also to recognise the importance of wildlife for humans and other species alike. It has reduced the negative effect of human activities. forestry helps to reduce the vulnerability of the agricultural sectors to adverse natural and social economic factors and other risks and above all strengthens self reliance. FAILURE. The primary threat to the wildlife is habitat loss due to destruction,fragmentation and degradation of habitat. There has not been a good sustainability of wildlife
ReplyDeleteUGHONU RHEMA CHINWE.
To maintain healthy ecosystems we have to strive to achieve a balance between society’s ever-increasing need for goods and services and conservation of natural environments. Ecological zones influence local and global climate and man depend on suitable environment for his optimum performance. Building of infrastructures, staff capacities, making management plans, carrying out public enlightenments as well as immediate host community participation in park management are quite commendable conservation practices man is trying to implement for proper conservation of natural resources. However, more need to be done in the areas of updating the laws governing the protected areas in Nigeria so as to reflect the current realities especially in the area of sanctions being impose on the defaulters in protected areas.
ReplyDeleteSUCCESSFUL CONSERVATIVE PRACTICE
GASHAKA-GUMTI NATIONAL PARK:
Gashaka-Gumti National Park (GGNP) is a national park in Nigeria, It was gazetted from two game reserves in 1991 and is Nigeria’s largest national park. It is located in the eastern provinces of Taraba and Adamawa to the border with Cameroon.There is abundant river flow even during the markedly dry season. Enclaves for local Fulani pastoralists exist within the park boundary that allow for farming and grazing. The African Bufalo, the largest population in Nigeria of chimpanzee is found within the boundaries of this national park. To protect the animals and the ecosystem, the Gashaka Primate Project was launched. Living in the national park are also the African elephant, the African wild dog, the hartebeest, the world’s largest antelope, the giant eland and the rare Adamawa mountain reebuck in larger stocks.The park is officially labelled as one of Africa’s “Important Bird Areas” – and with more than 500 species found. This is a success conservative practice because it welcomes and encourages all live wild life species.
UNSUCCESSFUL CONSERVATIVE PRACTICE
Yankari national park
Yankari National Park has been around since 1954. The animals much longer than that. And the natural hot springs have always been there. When people started to figure out that these natural things existed, they "tamed" the place so people could come. I visited in 1992 and saw lions, elephants and many other fascinating animals. However, results tells us that there are few hippo, various amazing antelope (different kinds), baboons (of course), wart hogs and not many birds As they were there when it was firstly noticed. It was said that all these animal decreasing was due to lack of proper maintenance of the park which brought about most of these animals dying! However, The hot springs are God's gift and worthy of a visit in themselves; this is the most reason people still go there today.
Abimbola rukayat mojisola
F/nd/15/3720048
MICHEAL AGBONTEAN. U :
ReplyDeleteFAILURE IN CONSERVATION PRACTICE
Nimbia Forest Reserve is witnessing degradation due to anthropogenic activities such as Farming, Illegal felling and fuel wood extraction just like many other forest reserves in Nigeria. On the other hand, the management has failed to provide enough manpower to guard against anthropogenic activities and the few ones available were not receiving better remuneration. Other problems faced by the forest are that trimming is done on time and cleared lands were not replanted. These and many other reasons leading to overexploitation, increase rate of deforestation, modification of the forest structure, reduced income to government and increased unemployment.
In the last 20 years, Nigeria’s forest reserves has continued to deplete, mainly due to human activities, with the country’s forest cover reducing to about six per cent, as against the 25 per cent global minimum recommended. However, forest depletion is a challenge not peculiar to Nigeria, though the rate at which Nigeria’s forest is diminishing is on the high side. This is because while the world lost 3.5 per cent of its forest between 1990 and 2015, Nigeria lost 21 per cent of its reserves.
SUCCESSFUL CONSERVATION PRACTICE
Nigerian Conservation Foundation (NCF):
BirdLife Partner, Founded in 1980 with over 6000 members. NCF is responsible for the establishment of Lekki Conservation centre. The only urban Nature Reserve in Nigeria and the biggest in West Africa.
Yankari National Park is the country’s richest wildlife oasis. It contains the largest surviving elephant population in Nigeria, and one of the largest remaining in West Africa. Estimated at 350 individuals, this population of elephants is perhaps the only viable population remaining in Nigeria. Despite heavy poaching the populations of some species have thrived here especially ‘The African Bush Elephant’. There is plenty of other wildlife to see including a huge bird population, buffalo, hippopotamuses, Lions and baboons.
NOSIRU AlIMAT OPEYEMI
ReplyDeleteGiven the dangers of ignoring the threat to the ecosystem from acute depletion of plants and animals, efforts were made in the past to preserve the nation wildlife through the establishment of protected areas like the lekki conservation centre, yankari game reserve, okomu,omo forest reserve amongst others.
Successful Conservation
The Lekki Conservation Centre has been established over 20 years and is the Nigerian Conservation Foundation's foremost project site, spanning over 78 hectares on the renowned Lekki Peninsula in Lagos. The NCF is an organisation dedicated to sustainable development and nature conservation. The foundation aims to preserve Nigeria's species and ecosystems, promote sustainability using natural resources and advocates actions that minimise the impact on the environmental and prevent resource wastage.
The Lekki Conservation Centre is a product of the foundation's unrelenting commitment to conserving Nigeria's resources. The Centre has been protecting the wildlife and mangrove forests found on Nigeria's South-West coastline from the threat of urban development and works tirelessly to raise environmental awareness and promote responsibility.
The Centre serves as a facility for research and education, mostly catering for groups of Tourists and School Children. Alongside promoting eenvironmental protection, the centre works in the surrounding communities to prevent poaching and other injustice done to wildlife.
Unsuccessful Conversation
Apart from the lekki conservation centre which is successful amongst others like the yankari game reserve,lame burra game reserves in bauchi state. These reserves were good and serving their purpose. Unfortunately, poachers with sophisticated weapons have managed to enter these sanctuaries, killing even endangered animals like the African wild dog, cheetah, giraffe and antelopes.
Also, threatened the cross river gorillas, drill and a number of smaller Guenon's that are found only in Nigeria and Cameroon forest.
Nigeria has a number of animal and plant that are vulnerable and are listed as 'Vulnerable to Extinction' by the world conversation union (IUCN) in 2004. While Nigeria is a signatory to the covention on trade in vulnerable species (CITES), poachers operate almost freely within the nations protected game reserves in Yankari Bauchi State, Okomu Edo state, Gashaka-Gumti National park in Adamawa and Taruba states, Omo Forest reserve Ogun state.
Recently, at yankari games reserve, Wildlife poaching particularly of the elephant population worsened to the extent that the Nigeria conservation foundation warned that the reserve would soon be empty of animals as it is possible to find meat of elephant , roam, waterbuck and buffalo in the surrounding marker all from yankari.
Name: OLOWOLAYEMO VICTOR O.
ReplyDeleteDept: Environmental biology HND 1
Matric no: f/HD/15/3720008
SUCCESSFUL CONSERVATION PRACTICES IN NIGERIA
1. THE YANKARI NATIONAL PARK
Yankari National Park is a large wildlife park located in the south-central part of Bauchi State in east-central Nigeria. Yankari was established as a game reserve in 1956 and designated a national park in 1991. The most popular tourist destination in Nigeria, it is rich in animal life, including baboons, crocodiles, elephants, giraffes, hippopotamuses, hyenas, leopards, lions, and several species of antelopes. It is also one of the most popular eco-destinations in West Africa. The park features four warm water springs and one cool water spring. Special features include ancient sandstone cisterns carved by former inhabitants for water storage, as well as cave dwellings a rock paintings.
2. LEKKI CONSERVATION CENTRE
The Centre was established by the Nigerian Conservation Foundation to protect the wildlife and mangrove forests of Nigeria's South-West coastline from the threat of urban development.
Efforts have been made to save different types of animals, reptiles and birdlife from extinction. The endangered species of animals includes bush bucks, crocodiles, mona monkeys, squirrels, snakes, crocodiles, monitor lizards, duikers, giant rats and hogs. While the trees hosts mona monkeys and other species of monkeys, the open grasslands are home to bushbucks, maxwell’s duikers, giant rats, hogs, mongooses, chamelions, squirrels and an impressive variety of birdlife. Park rangers are also available as guides.
FAILED CONSERVATION PRACTICES IN NIGERIA
1. THE OKOMU NATIONAL PARK
The Okomu National Park, formerly the Okomu Wildlife Sanctuary, is a forest block within the 1,082 km² Okomu Forest Reserve in the Ovia South-West Local Government Area of Edo State in Nigeria. The park is about 60 km north west of Benin City. The park is part of the former Okomu forest reserve gazetted in 1935, the presence of the white –throated monkey and forest elephant in particular, led to the creation of a wild life sanctuary in 1985 to protect these and other endangered species. In 1999, its status was elevated to a national park. The park holds a small fragment of the rich forest that once covered the region, and is the last habitat for many endangered species. It continues to shrink as villages encroach on it, and is now less than one third of its original size. Powerful corporations are involved in plantation development and logging concessions around the park, which also pose a threat. However as a result of the low level of awareness and poor funding of national parks, zoo’s and tourist sites in Nigeria are not given the desired attention thereby denying the country the income it ought to have generated like other countries of the world and in Sub-Sahara African. The protected area of the Okomu National Forest is too small and too vulnerable. Without further efforts to improve protection, it is unlikely that the forest will remain viable long into the future.
2. CHAD BASIN NATIONAL PARK
The park combines the former Chingurmi-Dugoma Game Reserve, Gorgoram and Zurgun Baneri Forest Reserves, and Bulature Oasis. As of 1999 it had not been surveyed, so the boundaries are not well-established. The park is used by many farmers, grazers and fishermen. Despite significant investment in lodgings for tourists, the park sectors only attract a few hundred visitors each year due to the lack of spectacular wildlife. With increasing population, the environment is degrading. There is growing competition between humans and wildlife. Farmers set out poison to kill the crop-destroying Quelea quelea, in the process killing non-target species. Marginal land is now coming under cultivation and tree cover in the By 2008, staff at the park office in Maiduguri knew little about the park, the lodgings had been abandoned, and tourists visiting the park sectors had to take off-road vehicles and be prepared to camp out.
Failed and successful conservation practices in Nigeria
ReplyDeleteHabitat degradation through uncontrolled logging agricultural project, industrial plantation, highway and urban development and exploitation for fuel have a heating and poaching steps taken so far to protect wildlife include the creation of national parks and 18 game reserves, enactment of wildlife laws, signing of international treaties and manpower development. This measure have however fail to produce the desired effect own largely to public apathy, low level of funding inadequate game laws and weak enforcement of existing mega provision. It is suggested that the federal government should intervene more positively in favour of conservation by creating more national park and assuming joint responsibility with the state for formulating wildlife law. Furthermore the role of non governmental organization influencing conservation policies and mobilizing public opinion would be crucial in the difficult years ahead.
ABIKOYE IFEOLUWA O. HND1, F/HD/15/3720092
ReplyDeleteFailed and Successful conservation practices in Nigeria
IT is very necessary for man to take adequate care of his environment because he cannot be separated from his environment as he is constantly in touch with his abode.
Even in Dark Age Africa, man was conscious of his environment and was therefore guided by the principles of environmental protection in all his dealings, though at primitive level. Still in this modern time, priority is given to man's environment because almost all behavioural pattern of man could be traced to the influence of the environment in which he finds himself.
Because of the seriousness attached to environmental protection, governments, corporate organizations, Non Governmental Organizations, (NGOs} and individuals budget funds each year to take care of our environment through deliberate, planned and sustained programmes, all aimed at safe-guarding our environment from destruction.
In our country Nigeria, we are learning gradually from advanced nations on the issue of environmental protection. For instance, the Federal Government set up the Federal Environmental Protection Agency, (FEPA), and also mandated each state to establish states environmental protection agencies to safeguard their environments. Besides both the federal and state governments have ministries of environments, with the local governments having environment out posts intended to ensure that the environment is protected.
Also there are various NGOs like the Nigeria Environmental Society,(NES), the Nigeria Conservation Fund, (NCF),
Surprisingly, despite these efforts to protect our environment, there are still various forms of environmental pollution and degradation which are hazardous to human health through an environment that has been endangered. As Mr. Osita Okeke, an environmentalist said, "The whole environment of man is his life for there lays his nature and the engine room of his behavioral pattern. A man's environment to some extent determines his success or failure in life."
In Lagos, which is my primary focus on environmental degradation, I went out to see how the environment is being polluted by some residents despite all efforts by government, NGOs and individuals to keep the environment clean and safe for human beings. It is important to acknowledge that during the administration of Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu as governor of Lagos State between 1999-2007, he was determined to ensure a safe environment by establishing the Lagos State Waste Management Authority (LAWMA) whose responsibility among others was to evacuate refuse and transport them to designated dump sites located within and outside the city for disposal.
To assist in refuse disposing, the Lagos State Government bought some refuse disposing trucks for LAWMA to enable them discharge their duties without much hindrance. Later, the government decided to involve the private sector in disposing refuse through a scheme tagged Private Sector Participation,(PSP), where private entrepreneurs who own heavy duty trucks were engaged to transport refuse to designated sites at agreed fees which the government pays to them at the end of the month. This scheme was meant to assist the state dispose refuse properly when pressure started mounting on government's limited disposing trucks.
Still moving towards a cleaner and safer environment, the Lagos State Government set aside the last Saturday of every month as a day for compulsory sanitation exercise from 7.00 to 10.00am. During this period, movement was usually restricted by both vehicles and pedestrians, as only those on essential duties like security operatives, medical personnel, refuse disposing staff and journalists monitoring the exercise were allowed passage during the clean-up.
Also, to make the various markets in Lagos and its environments very neat, the government in its wisdom set aside Thursday in every week for traders .
Taiwo Benjamin Tadagbe
ReplyDeleteF/HD/15/3720012
Conservation in short form can be referred to as: A wise use of natural resources.
Establishment of protected areas in Nigeria dated back to 17th century. Forest reserves were the first protected areas that were created in Nigeria with the effort of Mr. Thompson who was transferred from India to Nigeria (Enabor, 1981). Forestry began officially in Nigeria in 1896 in the Colony and protectorate of Lagos (Lowe, 2000). The Forestry Ordinance was promulgated as the legal instrument for the constitution of forest reserves in 1908. The Forestry Ordinance was revised in 1916 to extend the jurisdiction of the Forest Department to the Northern protectorate. Reservation of these protected areas came as a result of government interest on them to sustain the natural resources in them for benefit of the present and future generations. Each area has a compact shape with biogeographically meaningful boundaries. According to Afolayan and Ajayi (1983) Nigeria’s game reserves were originally forest reserves. Ideas of conserving wildlife in game reserves came up in Nigeria in the early 1930s through colonial officers that urged the government to take up the project. From the survey of wildlife resources of West Africa made by Haywood in 1932 a suggestion that game reserves should be established in savanna areas of Nigeria came up (Afolayan and Ajayi, 1983)..
successive conservation practices in Nigeria.
These desires for conservation of wildlife through game reserves came to reality through demarcation of * Yankari game reserve (1280 km2) in Bauchi State in 1956 and opening of it to the public in 1962 as premier game reserve in Nigeria. This was followed with the demarcation and establishment of * Borgu game reserve (2453 km2) in 1962 as the second game reserve. Establishment of more game reserves and Wildlife Advisory Board were recommended for protection of wildlife resources and implementation of management programmes (Petridges, 1965). The Borgu and Zugurma reserves that were adjacent to each other were formally declared as Kainji lake national park in 1975 and the park was promulgated with Decree No. 46 of 1979 as premier national park in Nigeria. Decree No.36 of 1991 established five other national parks and National Park Governing Board; and this brought the number of national parks to six in 1991 in Nigeria. Decree No. 46 of 1999 promulgated Kamuku and Okomu national parks bringing the number of national parks to eight in the country. However, in June, 2006 Yankari national park was handed over back to the State Government as game reserve in Bauchi State, leaving seven national parks currently in Nigeria.
Failure of conservation practices in Nigeria.
Ecosystems in Nigeria are highly vulnerable to many adverse influences deliberate or inadvertent (Marguba, 2002). Most of these deliberate adverse influences come as a result of illiteracy and lack of awareness among the greater number of the populace around the protected areas. Moreover, most people around the areas are unemployed and most of their soil texture is unsuitable for agriculture leaving nothing other than hunting and harvesting of natural resources from forests around them. Most people inherit only hunting equipment and skill from their parents; as a result poaching is not viewed by such people as a crime against wild animals and breach of law of the land on protected areas.
Nigeria is a country blessed with massive natural and wildlife resources. It is up to us as a nation how we choose to harness them.
ReplyDeletePopulation density and illegal trades have exhausted so many of our resources and if care is not taken, there will be nothing left for the future generation to benefit from.
Government should include wildlife reserves in there budget which will go a long way to balance the ecosystem and create job opportunities.
CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE RESERVE IN NIGERIA
Okomu National Park known as The pride of our natural
heritage” is the smallest of the seven National Parks in
Nigeria.
The Park is a rainforest ecosystem gazetted from the former Okomu Forest reserve in 1935. Today, the Park is a good habitat for numerous endangered flora and fauna species.
About 777 sq.km of the forest was gazetted in 1912
while in 1935 an extension of a further 411 sq.km was
effected to the north and east. The forestry department of the then Bendel State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resource assumed management responsibility for the reserve in 1970. In 1991, Bendel State was divided into Edo and Delta States and the control of Okomu Forest Reserve was passed to Edo State.
Okomu Forest Reserve was originally exploited by the
AT&P (African Timber & Plywood Company). However,
logging was selective, taking only a few large valuable
hardwoods (Lee White, 1988). In 1977 however, an area
of 156 sq.km in BC 9 of the reserve was de-classified
(de-reserved) and given to Federal Government oil palm project (Okomu Oil Palm Project). In addition, several compartments of the forest reserve have been given to monoculture plantations such as Michelin rubber Estate and Iyayi Rubber plantations.
Wildlife survey carried out in the then Bendel State in
1982 by P.A. Anadu and J.P. Oates revealed the
following facts:-
* Okomu was the largest remaining rainforest in the
southwest Nigeria
* Okomu contained a viable population of the rare
white throated guenon Cercepithicus erythrogaster, a
monkey endemic to southwest Nigeria, in addition to
several other species of international concern Okomu forest reserve was the least disturbed of all
the rainforest in the State.
The researchers suggested that a wildlife sanctuary be gazetted in the centre of the reserve to give full protection from all forms of foreign exploitations. The proposal for a wildlife sanctuary was accepted by the State Government. The gazette constituting Okomu wildlife sanctuary covering 70 sq.km of the area originally proposed by Anadu and Oates was finally passed by Bendel State Government in August 1985 (Bendel State Gazette No. 73;1986).
In 1985, the IUCN/SSC primate specialist group designated the white throated guenon as a species with high conservation priority and Okomu forest reserve as a priority reserve for its development and management. The Nigerian Conservation Foundation (NCF) adopted Okomu as one of its priority areas and launched the Okomu forest project in October, 1987.
The Edo State Government in 1993 requested the
Federal Government to take over the management and
protection of Okomu wildlife sanctuary as a National
Park. Okomu wildlife sanctuary was among the seven
protected areas around the country accepted for
upgrading into a National Park by the governing board
of the National Park Service in 1994. However it was
not until 1997 that Federal Government decided to fund
recurrent expenditure of Okomu and Kamuku as proposed National Parks. Subsequently after this
intervention, the National Parks Board rehabilitated the
main access road to Okomu wildlife sanctuary, renovated all the patrol post and office building,
provided vehicles and basic facilities among others.
The formal handing over ceremony of the protected area by the Edo State Government to National Park
Service took place on 26th May 1999 which coincided
with the signing of decree 46 of 1999 (now Act of the
National Assembly, cap 65 of 2004) that established
the sanctuary as a National
EBUNOLORUN ABRAHAM ADEKUNLE
ReplyDeleteENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY HND 1
F/HD/15/3720057
Conservation Methods in Nigeria that are Successful:
1. Conflict Resolution Mechanism and
Direct Compensation Schemes.
2. Possession of Legal Documents for the
Establishment of Parks.
3. Punishing Contraveners of Park Rules.
4. Provision of Education, Awareness, and
Implementation of Outreach Programmes.
5. Effecting Park Management through
Local Structures.
6. Presence of a Participatory Monitoring
and Evaluation System.
7. Strong Cultural Association of the Local
People with the Park.
8. The Local People Neighbouring the Park
Engaged in Other Economic Activities.
9. The Local People Neighbouring the Area
Had Secure Land Tenure.
10. Remoteness of the Area Where the Park
Was Located.
11. The financial resource of the Park.
Factors that made Conservation of Biodiversity Unsuccessful:
1. Displacing Local People in Order to
Establish National Parks.
2. Restriction of Local People against
Access to Resources in Parks.
3. Lack of Adequate Compensation, or
Failure to Take into Account the Needs, of
Local People Who Initially Depended on
Resources in the Area Occupied by the Park.
4. Asking Local People to Pay Fees to
Access Resources in the Park.
5. Lack of Consultation with, and
Involvement of, the Local People before
Establishing the Park.
6. Establishing a Park without First
Conducting a Feasibility Study.
7. Failure to Give the Promised Incentives
to Local People and Failure of Local People
That Received the Incentives to Change Their
Behaviour.
8. Creation of the Park in an Area with
High Levels of Biodiversity and Not Degraded.
9. Lack of Consideration of Ecological
Factors in the Area
Where the Park Was
Created.
10. Lack of Clear Communication Channels
between Park Staff and Leaders.
11. Failure to Enforce Policies Governing
the Park.
12. Limited Number of Park Staff and
Paying Park Staff Low Salaries.
13. Failure of Previous Conservation
Initiatives.
14. Dependence on Park Resources for
Livelihood and Survival by Local People.
15. Inability of Local Communities to
Appreciate Incentive Obtained by Supporting
Conservation of the Park.
16. Location of the Park in a Politically
Unstable Area.
17. Political Interference
18. Lack of National Policies to support Management Decisions of the Park.
EBUNOLORUN ABRAHAM ADEKUNLE
ReplyDeleteENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY HND 1
F/HD/15/3720057
Conservation Methods in Nigeria that are Successful:
1. Conflict Resolution Mechanism and
Direct Compensation Schemes.
2. Possession of Legal Documents for the
Establishment of Parks.
3. Punishing Contraveners of Park Rules.
4. Provision of Education, Awareness, and
Implementation of Outreach Programmes.
5. Effecting Park Management through
Local Structures.
6. Presence of a Participatory Monitoring
and Evaluation System.
7. Strong Cultural Association of the Local
People with the Park.
8. The Local People Neighbouring the Park
Engaged in Other Economic Activities.
9. The Local People Neighbouring the Area
Had Secure Land Tenure.
10. Remoteness of the Area Where the Park
Was Located.
11. The financial resource of the Park.
Factors that made Conservation of Biodiversity Unsuccessful:
1. Displacing Local People in Order to
Establish National Parks.
2. Restriction of Local People against
Access to Resources in Parks.
3. Lack of Adequate Compensation, or
Failure to Take into Account the Needs, of
Local People Who Initially Depended on
Resources in the Area Occupied by the Park.
4. Asking Local People to Pay Fees to
Access Resources in the Park.
5. Lack of Consultation with, and
Involvement of, the Local People before
Establishing the Park.
6. Establishing a Park without First
Conducting a Feasibility Study.
7. Failure to Give the Promised Incentives
to Local People and Failure of Local People
That Received the Incentives to Change Their
Behaviour.
8. Creation of the Park in an Area with
High Levels of Biodiversity and Not Degraded.
9. Lack of Consideration of Ecological
Factors in the Area
Where the Park Was
Created.
10. Lack of Clear Communication Channels
between Park Staff and Leaders.
11. Failure to Enforce Policies Governing
the Park.
12. Limited Number of Park Staff and
Paying Park Staff Low Salaries.
13. Failure of Previous Conservation
Initiatives.
14. Dependence on Park Resources for
Livelihood and Survival by Local People.
15. Inability of Local Communities to
Appreciate Incentive Obtained by Supporting
Conservation of the Park.
16. Location of the Park in a Politically
Unstable Area.
17. Political Interference
18. Lack of National Policies to support Management Decisions of the Park.
CONSERVATION PRACTICE IN NIGERIA BOTH SUCCESS AND FAILURE
ReplyDeleteOkomu was the largest remaining rainforest in the
southwest Nigeria
* Okomu contained a viable population of the rare
white throated guenon Cercepithicus erythrogaster, a
monkey endemic to southwest Nigeria, in addition to
several other species of international concern Okomu forest reserve was the least disturbed of all
the rainforest in the State.
The researchers suggested that a wildlife sanctuary be gazetted in the centre of the reserve to give full protection from all forms of foreign exploitations.
Okomu Forest Reserve was originally exploited by the
AT&P (African Timber & Plywood Company).
Habitat degradation through uncontrolled logging agricultural project, industrial plantation, highway and urban development and exploitation for fuel have a heating and poaching steps taken so far to protect wildlife include the creation of national parks and 18 game reserves, enactment of wildlife laws, signing of international treaties and manpower development. This measure have however fail to produce the desired effect own largely to public apathy, low level of funding inadequate game laws and weak enforcement of existing mega provision. It is suggested that the federal government should intervene more positively in favour of conservation by creating more national park and assuming joint responsibility with the state for formulating wildlife law. Furthermore the role of non governmental organization influencing conservation policies and mobilizing public opinion would be crucial in the difficult years ahead.
EZELISIAKU KOSISO ADAOMA
ReplyDeleteF/HD 15 /3720065
HND 1 ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
SUCCESSFUL CONSERVATION METHOD
The Chad Basin National Parkis a national Park in North eastern Nigeria, in theChad Basin, with a total area of about 2,258 km2. The park is fragmented, with three sectors. The Chingurmi-Duguma sector is inBorno State, in a Sudanian Savanna ecological zone. The Bade-Nguru Wetlands and Bulatura sectors are in Yobe Statein the Satellite ecological zone.
A 2007 report estimated that there were about 100 elephants in the sector, which may still migrate to and from the Waza park. The Nigerian park authorities have been cooperating to prevent poaching of wildlife and to raise awareness among the local people ofthe longer-term value of conservation.There have been discussions by the IUC Nover making the sector and the Waza National Park an internationally designated protected area.
The bulatura sector is in the yusufari local government area in your state and has a series of swampy valleys separated by scenic sand dunes The valleys contain rich deposits of potash.
Cross River national park
It is located in cross river state, Nigeria. There are two sections okwango(established 1991)and oban(established 1988). The park is home to about 78% of the primate species that are found in Nigeria, including the vulnerable common chimpanzee andwestern gorilla, and the endangered Sclater's guenon, Preuss's monkey and drill, which Co exist in the same areas of the park. Other large mammals include the endangered African forest elephant and more common African buffalo.The division may contain 200 chimpanzees, although no survey has been undertake
Attractions include the Kwa Falls, in a narrow, steep gorge near the headwaters of the Kwa River. The deep plunge pool at the foot of the waterfall was hidden under the thick canopy of the tropical rainforest before deforestation. The Agbpkim Waterfalls on the Cross River descend in terraces through the tropical rainforest. There is a mini zoological garden housing species of animals rarely found in Nigeria, which has helped save some rare species from extinction
Failure of conservation method in Nigeria
1) Inadequate legal backing of conservation practice :many forest conservation practice are usually poorly implemented because of Inadequate legal backing by the government.for example the issue of non participation of the wood based forms who are major beneficiaries of forestry development effort in Nigeria, in forest regeneration has not received sufficient legal backing by the government despite the fact that government can not do it alone in these respect the companies are not willing to contribute on there own.
2) Ignorance of the public :Many Nigeria are ignorant of the basic conservation practice. They do not know the consequences of deforestation through indiscriminate forest exploitation, shifting, cultivation and unwise use of fire and why they should plant tress.
3) A high rate of population growth, couple with competition for space among different groups of land users and types of use crop farming, livestock grazing, mining, ranching,fishing and protected area management.
DEHINBO OLUWATOSIN RITA.
ReplyDeleteSUCCESSFUL CONSERVATION IN NIGERIA.
OKOMU NATIONAL PARK.
This is a fascinating rainforest in Ovia south west,Edo state.The park is a blissful forest,where you experience the beauty of the rainforest full of huge forest trees,several species of plants and animals.
Although the forest reserve continue to shirnk due to encroachment, it still holds some endangered wildlife such as the rate white throated monkey.
There are two tree houses in the park for bird watching with about 150 bird species confirmed to be at a park.
Factors the makes conservation unsuccessful.
Conservation of forest land to other uses.
The increasing rate of population growth and the various developmental programs aimed at meeting the needs of the teaming population is a major factor responsible for the conversion of forest areas to other uses.
Name: Aboluwade James Babatunde
ReplyDeleteDept: Biological science (Environ. Bio)
Matric: F/HD/15/3720063
Level: HND 1 (Full time)
SUCCESSFUL CONSERVATION PRACTICES IN NIGERIA
Animals tell stories about us. Theory of evolution tells us that primates are indeed our relatives. If we contemplate them we cannot help but realize things about ourselves. Our existence on this planet is a problem to animals as our lower neighbours or relatives. It is a problem to be solved with the sense that our use of animals should be humane and our conscience for their service.
KAMUKU NATIONAL PARKS
To begin with, a very popular national park in Nigeria is Kamuku National Park that spreads on 1121 square km and features the typical savanna vegetation specific to the area. Onsite, you will be able to see all sorts of animals as well, such as antelopes, elephants, waterbucks, green monkeys, wet cats, jackals and hyenas. Also, it is very accessible, it has mainly flat terrains and it features Guinea Savanna vegetation with Sudan Savanna elements in some parts.
CROSS RIVER NATIONAL PARKS
Moreover, the Cross River National Parks is another fine destination, for all those who desire to admire the Nigerian wildlife. It is part of the great Cross River State rainforest conservation area and it is spread on 720 square km of mountains and hills. The park consists of two sections, each one presenting few specific vegetation features, and each one being spectacular in its own original way
UNSUCCESSFUL CONSERVATION PRACTICES IN NIGERIA.
OKOMU NATIONAL PARK
The Okomu National Park, formerly the Okomu Wildlife
Sanctuary, is a forest block within the 1,082 km² Okomu
Forest Reserve in the Ovia South-West Local Government
Area of Edo State in Nigeria. The park is about 60 km north
west of Benin City. The park holds a small fragment of the
rich forest that once covered the region, and is the last
habitat for many endangered species. It continues to shrink
as villages encroach on it, and is now less than one third of
its original size. Powerful corporations are involved in
plantation development and logging concessions around the
park, which also pose a threat
The protected area of the Okomu National Forest is too
small and too vulnerable. Without further efforts to improve
protection, it is unlikely that the forest will remain viable
long into the future.
ZUGURMA GAME RESERVE
The Zugurma Game Reserve is a section of the Kainji National Park, in the Mariga Local Government Area of Niger
State, Nigeria. It is bordered by the Kontagora River to the
northwest and the Manyara River to the north, and covers
an area of 138,500 hectares. It was amalgamated with the
Borgu Game Reserve in 1975 to form the Kainji Lake
National Park.
The reserve consists of a low plateau with gradually sloping
sides forming an east to west watershed. It is poorly
drained, with no tributaries running into the Manyara River,
and with the Yampere and Lanser rivers running only
seasonally. The vegetation is typically Guinea savanna
woodland, but has been badly over-grazed except for
riparian forests along the Manyara River and other water
holes. The reserve has received virtually no research
attention.
IBRAHIM OLAYIDE
ReplyDeleteENV. BIOLOGY
Conservation practices is not on the high note in Nigeria due to lack of maintenance either by the people by the activities that is been carried out on a daily basis especially in the forest areas where trees are being felled and not being re-planted or the killing of animals with out any reasons at all which poses a great treat, because some are going extinct and even the remaing ones are not been cared for.And also if the government helps with finances,the sector will definitely improve.Tourism is a sector on its own that is very lucrative and very educational,different plant and animals would be put in their different sections which from time to time the reserve can flourish ,their number would increase and different breeds of species can be reared.In Nigeria some of the examples we have are yankari game reserve and lekki conservation centre.
Name: Aina Damilola Deborah
ReplyDeleteHND I Environmental Biology
List of Conservation Area in Nigeria
1). NATIONAL PARKS
* Kainji Lake
* Old Oyo
* Cross River
* Gas haka - Gumti
* Yankari
* Chad Basin
2). GAMES RESERVES/WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES
Alawa
Dagida
Falgore
Gilli-Gilli
Kambari
Kwale
Kwalmbana
Lake Chad
Lame Buira
Ologbo
Opara
Orile
Pai River
Pandam
Sambisa
Udi-Nsukka
Wase Rock
Okomu
3). CURRENT PROPOSED GAMES RESERVES/WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES
Ifon
Akpaka
Ebba-Kampe
Kamuku
Moko
Taylor Creek
Ohosu
Okeleuse
Opanda
Stubbs Creek
Afi River
Kashinmbila
River Benue
4). STRICT NATURE RESERVES
Akure
Bam Ngelzarma
Bonu
Lekki
Milliken Hill
Omo (Biosphere Reserve)
Ribako
Urhonigbe
SUCCESSFUL CONSERVATION PRACTICE IN NIGERIA
This involves Lekki Conservation Center and the Yankari National Park etc
UNSUCCESSFUL CONSERVATION PRACTICE IN NIGERIA
Particular interest are the Niger Delta area and Hadejia Nguru wetlands. Oil exploration have adversely affected the environment in the Niger Delta Areas. And Human activities such as bush burning and shifting cultivation are destroying the ecosystem of Hadejia - Nguru wetlands.
Conservation in Nigeria and reviews are critically measured adopted for the establishment.
ReplyDeleteCONSERVATION
As a blessed country in terms of natural resources but its our responsibility to harness them properly.
Nigeria has about 31games reserve ,5 sanctuaries and 7 national parks .The game reserves and sanctuaries are owned and managed the government.
Yankari national park is the countries dishes wildlife oasis . It contained the largest gunine elephant population in Nigeria.
This suggest that the federal government should intervene more positively in the favour of conservation by creating more national .
Failure
Oil exploration activities have negatively affect the environment. Major problem include habitat degradation, overhunting and poaching which are poorly managed by Federal government for example legal provision ,owning largely to public apathy.
AKODU BILIQUEES MONISOLA
ReplyDeleteENV. BIOLOGY
SUCCESS OF CONSERVATION PRACTICES IN NIGERIA
Conservation is successful if it
- protects the ecological integrity of one or more ecosystem for present and future generation.
- excludes exploitation and occupation detrimental to the purpose of designation of the area.
- provide foundation for scientific, educational, recreational, and visitor opportunities which must be environmentally and naturally compatible.
Examples of successful conservation practices are yankari national park, cross river national park, etc.
FAILURE OF CONSERVATION PRACTICES IN NIGERIA
1. Lack of local buying: If local people do not seee a benefit of conservation, then whatever the laws are, they are going to be ineffective.
2. Lack of funding: Biodiversity protection requires money, but conservation groups struggle to find reliable sources of funding that can ensure long term success of their conservation initiative.
3. Lack of clearly stated goals: Conservation initiatives should set up goals and objectives that helps to manage actions and strategies to distribute money and resources that can make the conservation project a success.
4. Lack of law and order: Poaching of rhinos and elephants is high yet loopholes in existing laws, poor governance and lack of law enforcement a making it easy for poacher and traffickers to set away with their crimes.
Successful conservation practices in Nigeria
ReplyDelete1. FALGORE GAME RESERVE
Falgore Game Reserve is protected ecosystem designated
mainly for games protection in southern Kano State of
northern Nigeria. Falgore game reserve has high potentials for the tourism and recreation industry of Kano State and Nigeria. Inside the reserve there are beautiful physical features of spellbinding attractions, which include a number of rocks and the beautiful rapids of the river Kano. That is expectedly a must
site for photographic enthusiasts. Still within the park visitor
can switch to culture as the ghost old town of Falgore, which
is nearly as old as Kano City lie there with its traditional
architecture, mode of settlement and other human features.
Accommodation and camping facilities are available around
the game reserve. Additionally, during the wet season
Falgore is navigable from Tiga Lake.
2. YANKARI NATIONAL PARK
Yankari National Park is a large wildlife park located in the
south-central part of Bauchi State, in northeastern Nigeria. It
covers an area of about 2,244 square kilometres (866 sq mi)
and is home to several natural warm water springs, as well
as a wide variety of flora and fauna. Its location in the
heartland of the West African savanna makes it a unique
way for tourists and holidaymakers to watch wildlife in its
natural habitat. Yankari was originally created as a game
reserve in 1956, but later designated Nigeria’s biggest
national park in 1991. It is the most popular destination for
tourists in Nigeria and, as such, plays a crucial role in the
development and promotion of tourism and ecotourism in
Nigeria.[1] It is also one of the most popular eco-
destinations in West Africa.
Unsuccessful conservation practices in Nigeria
1. CHAD BASIN NATIONAL PARK
The Chad Basin National Park is a national park in
northeastern Nigeria, in the Chad Basin, with a total area of
about 2,258 km2. The park is fragmented, with three sectors.
The Chingurmi-Duguma sector is in Borno State, in a
Sudanian Savanna ecological zone. The Bade-Nguru
Wetlands and Bulatura sectors are in Yobe State in the Sahel
ecological zone. The park combines the former Chingurmi-Dugoma Game
Reserve, Gorgoram and Zurgun Baneri Forest Reserves, and
Bulature Oasis. As of 1999 it had not been surveyed, so the
boundaries are not well-established. The park is used by
many farmers, grazers and fishermen. Despite significant
investment in lodgings for tourists, the park sectors only
attract a few hundred visitors each year due to the lack of
spectacular wildlife. By 2008, staff at the park office in
Maiduguri knew little about the park, the lodgings had been
abandoned, and tourists visiting the park sectors had to take
off-road vehicles and be prepared to camp out.
OMOYELE HAKEEM OLAMIDE
Biological science (Environ. Bio)
HND 1
Conservation practices has an important role in the safety and security of food as this helps to reduce or decrease it's risk. On the farm,stream,side vegetations,grassed filtered strips and wet lands it helps to keep our water supply clean by reducing the movement of pathogens, nutrients and pesticides into streams, rivers and lakes.
ReplyDeleteIn the same way, conservation practices also serve as Wild life habitat. The habitat can help support beneficial insects that prey upon pests,raptors that serve on-farm rodents control or other species that help to reduce the need for toxic chemicals to control agricultural pest. Despite these benefits,conservation practices particularly those that encourage wildlife have been seen as a potential threat to food safety.
SUCCESS OF SOME FEW CONSERVATIVE PRACTICES
From inception,Natural parks and game reserves such as the Chad basin, cross river, gashaka gumi(taraba/adamawa), kainji-dam and lake(Niger/kwara, kamuku park(kaduna),okomu(edo),old oyo(oyo/kwara) and Yankari reserve (bauchi) have played a pivotal role in aiding and abetting the ecosystem to become better and developed as jt also improves the economy.
As mentioned above, these successes are summarised
1. Safety and security of food
2. Contonious flow of water supply
3. Reduction in the flow of pathogenic organisms
4. Wild life habitat is controlled, managed and sustained
FAILURES OF CONSERVATIVE PRACTICES
1. Inability of the management to to handle and control wildlife as this leads to their death and extinctions that may not continue in the next generation
2. Poaching. This happens where illegal hunting takes effect thereby emanating to migration of wildlife
3. Deforestation and land degradation
4. Ineffective stringent laws binding control measures on hunting, trespassing on wildlife and plants
5. Ineffective communication amongst management and under funding to sustain and maintain wild life and plants.
OBI VICTOR. O
ENVIRON.BIO.
HND 1
The successful Conservation practice in Nigeria
ReplyDeleteThey are many successful Conservation practice in Nigeria which lekki Park is one of them. Lekki Conservation centre (Lcc) foremost Conservation projects site located on the renowned Lekki peninsula, Lcc cover a land area of 78 hectares. Administratively, Lcc is situated in Eti Osa local Government Area of Lagos State. The Lekki Conservation centre is a conservation initiative to protect wildlife found in south West coastal environment of Nigeria. In the face of sprawling urban development. This 21-years-old Conservation education centre has continued to attract both local and international interests, the centre has served as an education and resources centre to varieties of group's majority of which are schools and tourists. The project has promoted environment projection and worked against poaching by surrounding communities as well as serve as a tourist centre for local and international visitors, continuous environmental education awareness creation and research activities are carried out in the Reserve.
Factors affecting the successful of conservation, which leads to failure
1. Location of the park in an area of high human population density.
2. Lack of land, lack of secure land - tenure, and contested ownership of land in the park.
3. Lack of consideration of ecological factors in the area where the park was created.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteSaliu Ganiyat
ReplyDeleteEnvironmental Biology - HND 1
Failed Conservations in Nigeria
* Namibia forest reserve is witnessing a degradation due to anthropogenic activities such as farming, deforestion and fuel wood extraction just like many other forest reserves in Nigeria.
* Old Oyo national park
* Chad basin national park
Successful Conservation in Nigeria:
* The rainforest of Criss River state in Nigeria are of global biological importance.
* Yankari Game reserve
* Jos national park.
* Gashaka Gumiti national park
* Chad basin national park, Yobe.
* Kamuku national park, Kaduna
* Old Oyo national park, Oyo
* Kainji Lake national park, Wama
All of the above mentioned successful conservations in Nigeria are if importance in the following areas:
- It serves as home to primate species; antelope, birds and other wildlife.
- It helps the economy generate revenue through tourists attraction
- It also helps to further preserve the extinction endangered species.
hummmmm.....Thats True...
ReplyDeleteBalogun Omotola
ReplyDeleteHND 1
Previously Hindered by years of mismanagement, economic reforms of the past decades have put Nigeria back on Track towards achieving Her Full Potential.
Having understood that Conservation is the act of conserving, prevention of injury, decay, waste or loss, be it Wild Life, Parks, soil and The Environment at large.
The Nigerian Conservation Foundation is the Premier Non Governmental Organisation dedicated to Nature Conservation and sustainable development in Nigeria. Established in 1980, The Foundation was registered in 1982.
Conservation Projects
NCF projects which cuts across Nigeria are dedicated to solving Environmental problems through the improvement of livelihood of the host communities and in the long run protecting the vast biodiversity inherent in the community. some of these projects includes:
1. Cross River State: Management of Becheve Nature Reserve, Obudu Cattle Ranch
2. Edo State: Biodiversity Action Plan Project
3. Lagos State: Lekki Conservation Centre
4. Ogun, Ondo and Osun State Conservation Projects
5. Plateau State: AP Levetis Ornithological Research Institute
6. Taraba State: Participatory Forest Management Project, Mambilla and Donga sites
However we can't ignore the efforts made by individuals and Regional Governments in Nigeria for the efforts made in preserving Natural Heritage around us like the Erin Ijesha Water Falls, The Beaches in Lagos, OLumo Rock, Ikogosi, OKe-idanre Hills etc.
Continuation....
ReplyDeleteConstraints against Conservation in NIgeria which can otherwise be describes as some of the reasons for failure of conservation in Nigeria is not far fetched, some of which is that the effectiveness and success of protection in any part of the world depends normally on many local factors of Economic, Social and Political nature. In NIgeria, Various factors are obstructing the effective implementation of conservation policies. There is the problem of lack of adequate data on the status of biodiversity and the extent of degradation in the country. This has made it difficult to design adequate programme for conservation in the country.
Another major factor contributing to Environmental degradation in the Country is the uncoordinated Land Use Policy. Natural Forest are being destroyed by other forms of Land Use, like Agriculture, Grazing and Construction activities as a result of rapid Urbanization leading to desertification and degradation of the environment. There is evidence of Land conversion to Agriculture in some forest reserves without and serious efforts by the authorities to stop the trend.
closely linked to the problem identified above, is a lack of well designed or organised, for instance the Tree planting are nor properly coordinated Nationally. The situation is complicated by the problem of discontinuity in commitment to the policy. The rapid turnover of political leadership of the country has resulted in varying degrees of commitment to the i implementations of the programmes. In the case of Tree planting campaign, while it was mostly neglected by some regimes, others made half-hearted attempts at reviving or promoting it. Also programmes for reforestation of marginal lands are sometimes used as political strategies and propaganda's. priorities are seldom given to areas where urgent actions are needed since they're often used to gain political advantage
Another problem is that of inadequate funding of institutions, programmes and other activities concerned with biodiversity conservation in the country
Cultural factors have also continued to militate against effective conservation policy implementation in the country
Corruption among Political Office holders and implementing officials is another serious problem
In conclusion; there is the urgent need for proper funding and staffing of protected areas in the country. Governments at all levels should view Conservation as very important to achieving a sustainable development in the country. The Government must therefore, be prepared to provide reasonable financial support to conservation and other programmes like afforestation, reforestation, erosion control and Land reclamation programmes. efforts should also be directed at raising the working conditions of conservation workers through better remuneration and provision of proper equipment, to ensure effective management and enforcement of policies.
Balogun Omotola
HND 1
nice post
ReplyDeletegames reserves in nigeria